Ringer's lactate solution (also known as lactated Ringer's or LR) is widely used in clinical practice, particularly in resuscitation and...

The Bohr equation is a fundamental concept in respiratory physiology, essential for anesthesiologists to assess ventilation efficiency. This equation provides...

The Non-Intubated Deep Paralysis (NIDP) technique represents a significant advancement in anesthesia, particularly for surgeries requiring deep sedation, such as...

The Anesthetic Conserving Device (ACD) is a game-changing innovation in the field of anesthesiology, offering efficient and controlled delivery of...

Introduction Yes, there is! The point where oxygen delivery becomes inadequate is known as the anaerobic threshold (AT). This critical...

The anaerobic threshold (AT), also referred to as the lactate threshold, represents a critical physiological marker where the body shifts...

Anesthesiologists often encounter the challenge of assessing vocal cord function post-surgery, especially after procedures that involve intubation or head and...

Introduction Understanding lung zones and their behavior under anesthesia is critical for anesthesiologists to ensure optimal ventilation strategies, maintain effective...

Introduction Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch is a critical factor impacting oxygenation and gas exchange during anesthesia. Anesthesiologists play a pivotal role...

Abstract Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch during surgery is a critical factor influencing patient outcomes, particularly in high-risk procedures. Advanced technologies such...