Introduction The field of pharmacokinetics, the study of how drugs interact with the human body, has undergone significant advancements since the mid-20th century. This article explores key milestones and innovations in the understanding of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, particularly within the context of anesthesia. From the early correlations of EEG with sedative effects to the latest … Read more
Introduction The history of anesthesia is a captivating journey marked by discoveries, controversies, and paradigm shifts. Among the significant agents used for rendering patients unconscious during surgery, chloroform occupies a unique place. This article delves into the remarkable rise and eventual fall of chloroform in anesthesia, shedding light on its initial promise, the controversies it … Read more
Introduction The practice of surgery has evolved significantly over the years, thanks to groundbreaking discoveries in the field of anesthesia. While the use of ether and chloroform marked the first revolution in surgical practice, a quieter yet equally transformative revolution was on the horizon – the discovery of local anesthesia. This article delves into the … Read more
Introduction:The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in the synthesis and regulation of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). These hormones have a significant impact on anesthesia pharmacology, influencing various aspects of drug metabolism, cardiovascular parameters, and drug sensitivity. In this article, we explore how thyroid hormones affect both inhalational and intravenous anesthetics and … Read more
The relationship between calcium (Ca2+) and anesthetic pharmacology is intricate, with each influencing the other in various ways. Understanding these interactions is crucial for anesthesia providers to ensure safe and effective patient care. Here’s how calcium and anesthetic pharmacology affect each other: Calcium’s Influence on Anesthetic Pharmacology Aspect Calcium’s Influence on Anesthetic Pharmacology Neuromuscular Function … Read more
Calcium (Ca2+) is a fundamental mineral in the human body, governing a wide array of physiological functions. It plays a crucial role in processes ranging from bone strength to blood clotting and muscle contractions. In this article, we will explore the functions of calcium, its distribution in the body, the hormonal regulation of plasma calcium … Read more
IntroductionMagnesium sulphate (MgSO4) is a versatile compound with wide-ranging clinical applications due to its physiological importance. In this article, we will explore its clinical uses, basic pharmacology, physiology, and potential toxicity. Clinical Uses Clinical Condition Mechanism of Action Pre-eclampsia and Eclampsia Reduces systemic vascular resistance, CNS excitability. Tocolysis Induces uterine relaxation. Acute Arrhythmias Effective in … Read more
Surgery is a significant physiological stressor that triggers a complex response in the body. This stress response can be categorized into two main components: the neuroendocrine-metabolic response and the inflammatory-immune response. The extent and impact of this response depend on various factors, including the type and invasiveness of the surgical procedure. Categories of Stress Response … Read more
Year Events and Developments 1846 – October 16, 1846: William T.G. Morton’s successful demonstration of ether anesthesia in Boston became known as “Ether Day.” – December 16, 1846: A successful trial of ether anesthesia took place in Paris. – December 19, 1846: Anesthesia was administered in both Scotland and London, with one case in London … Read more
