Anesthesiology Meets Cycle Theory: Tailoring Pain Management to the Phases of the Menstrual Cycle
Introduction The menstrual cycle is a complex interplay of hormonal fluctuations that influences various physiological and psychological processes in women. Its phases—menstrual, follicular, ovulatory, and luteal—are marked by distinct changes in estrogen and progesterone levels, which significantly impact pain perception, analgesic response, and postoperative recovery. For anesthesiologists, understanding these cyclical variations is crucial to optimizing … Read more