In GI endoscopy, the rising use of propofol sedation intensifies the challenge of hypoxemia. To ensure patient safety, diverse airway equipment is imperative, surpassing traditional methods like standard nasal cannulas. Preventing life-threatening hypoxemia during GI endoscopy is paramount. Recognizing the limitations of conventional approaches highlights the critical role of specialized airway equipment, particularly continuous positive … Read more
Introduction The velopharyngeal mechanism plays a crucial role in maintaining airway patency and regulating the separation between the oral and nasal cavities. This intricate system involves a network of muscles and structures that work in concert to create a seal, preventing unwanted communication between the two cavities. This article explores the anatomy of the velopharynx, … Read more
Introduction Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) has revolutionized the treatment of achalasia cardia, offering an effective and minimally invasive option for patients suffering from this challenging motility disorder. This innovative procedure, which combines the principles of endoscopy and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), has gained prominence in the medical field since its inception in 2010. … Read more
Introduction Endobariatric procedures have emerged as a groundbreaking approach to address obesity through minimally invasive techniques. These procedures can serve as primary weight loss options or as revisions for patients with a history of bariatric surgery. The safe and comfortable execution of these procedures necessitates meticulous anesthetic management. This article will delve into the history … Read more
Introduction Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common congenital heart anomaly that remains asymptomatic in most cases. However, in the perioperative period, PFO can become clinically significant, potentially leading to hypoxemia and paradoxical embolism. This article explores the management of PFO in various surgical contexts, highlighting its significance and potential complications. PFO and Its Pathophysiology … Read more
