Introduction Meperidine, also known as pethidine, is a synthetic opioid agonist with distinct pharmacological properties. This article explores the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and side effects of meperidine. Table 1: Characteristics of Meperidine Characteristic Description Structure Derived from phenylepiperidine Receptor Affinity Acts on µ (m) and κ (k) opioid receptors Chemical Structure Contains tertiary amine, ester group, … Read more
Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid agonist that belongs to the phenylpiperidine derivative class of drugs. It is structurally related to meperidine and is known for its remarkable potency, being 75 to 125 times more potent than morphine. Fentanyl was first synthesized in 1960 by Janssen Pharmaceutica and is commonly available as its citrate salt … Read more
Introduction Morphine, named after the Greek god of dreams, Morpheus, is a prototype opioid agonist with potent analgesic properties. This article explores the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and side effects of morphine. Table 1: Effects of Morphine in Humans Effect Description Analgesia Relief from pain Euphoria A sense of well-being and happiness Sedation Induces drowsiness Diminished Concentration … Read more
Characteristic Fentanyl Alfentanil Sufentanil Remifentanil Analgesic Potency Potent, reference opioid Less potent Highly potent Similar to Fentanyl Duration of Action Moderate (1-2 hours) Short (10-15 minutes) Prolonged (2-4 hours) Very short (3-10 minutes) Onset of Action Rapid (1-2 minutes) Rapid (1-2 minutes) Rapid (1-2 minutes) Rapid (1-2 minutes) Dosage per kg (IV) 1-2 mcg/kg 5-20 … Read more
IntroductionThe use of opioids in anesthesia has a rich and intricate history that has evolved over the centuries. This article provides a chronological overview of the development of opioids in anesthesia, highlighting key milestones and their impact on medical practice, including the groundbreaking contributions of Dr. Paul Janssen. Early History Opioids in Ancient Times Opioids … Read more
