Introduction:Opioid antagonists are essential in managing opioid-related issues, including overdose reversal, treatment of opioid-induced side effects, and potential applications in shock and anesthesia. This article provides comprehensive information on opioid antagonists, including their mechanisms of action, clinical uses, recommended dosages per kg of body weight, onset of action, and duration of action. Table 1: Types … Read more
Understanding this step-by-step mechanism of action is essential for comprehending how opioids exert their analgesic effects and how they can also lead to side effects such as respiratory depression and euphoria.
Introduction:Opioids are a class of drugs that act as agonists at specific opioid receptors in the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery. They mimic the actions of endogenous opioid receptor ligands, such as enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins, resulting in the activation of pain-modulating systems. Opioid Receptor Classification:Opioid receptors are classified into three main types: mu … Read more
Opioid agonist–antagonist drugs are a class of medications that interact with opioid receptors in the body. They produce limited responses (partial agonists) or no effect (competitive antagonists) at these receptors. These drugs also often have partial agonist actions at other types of opioid receptors, such as kappa (κ) and delta (δ) receptors. This article will … Read more
Introduction: Opioid medications are commonly used for pain management, but they are associated with a range of side effects. This article discusses the common side effects of opioids, with a focus on the effects of morphine. Table 1: Cardiovascular System Effects of Morphine Effect Description Orthostatic Hypotension Morphine can cause a drop in blood pressure … Read more
A Brief History Remifentanil, a potent µ-opioid agonist, stands as a testament to the ever-evolving landscape of anesthesia. Its remarkable journey began in the early 1990s when pharmaceutical researchers set out to develop a new opioid with unique properties that could redefine anesthesia practices. The Chemical Innovation Remifentanil, formally known as 3-(4-methoxycarbonyl-4-[(L-oxo-propyl)-phenylamino]-L-piperidine) propanoic acid methyl … Read more
