Anesthesia

SECTION 1   History: Awake craniotomy has historical roots in ancient trepanation for various purposes, including epilepsy treatment. Modern AC began with Sir Victor Horsley in 1886 and was further developed by Wilder Penfield in the 20th century. Indications: Brain Tumor Resection: Awake craniotomy is commonly used for removing brain tumors located near eloquent areas, … Read more

IntroductionWithin the intricate landscape of anesthesia pharmacology, a central player emerges—gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA, a neurotransmitter, and its receptors stand as pivotal elements orchestrating the balance between sedation, unconsciousness, and analgesia. In this article, we delve into the crucial role of GABA receptors, categorizing them into their distinct types and parts, within the realm of … Read more

Introduction:Postoperative blurring of vision, also known as transient postoperative visual loss (POVL), can occur following nonocular surgeries, such as cardiac, spinal, or vascular procedures. Understanding the mechanisms, potential causes, risk factors, and preventive strategies is crucial for both patients and healthcare providers. Mechanisms:The exact mechanisms leading to POVL are multifactorial and may involve: Ischemic Optic … Read more

Geriatric anaesthesia has developed over the years as doctors have become more aware of the special concerns and difficulties involved in caring for older patients under general anaesthesia. Mid-1940s to 1950s: A journal article published in the mid-1940s and a textbook published in the 1950s demonstrate the first interest in geriatric anaesthesia. In spite of this, … Read more

As an anesthesiologist, it’s essential to delve into the intricacies of post dural puncture headache (PDPH), also referred to as post lumbar puncture headache. This common complication arises following diagnostic lumbar punctures, spinal anesthesia, and unintended dural punctures during epidural catheter placements. PDPH is characterized by its distinctive positional nature – intensifying in an upright … Read more

Serum albumin and serum calcium are two vital biochemical parameters regularly assessed in anesthesia and immediate postoperative care. Understanding their interaction and how changes in one affect the other is crucial for optimizing patient management during and after surgery. Serum Albumin: Serum albumin is a protein synthesized by the liver and constitutes a major portion … Read more

1. Introduction: Volatile anesthetics, including cyclopropane, have been studied for their neuroprotective properties. Initially, it was believed that these effects were primarily due to the suppression of cerebral metabolism. Recent research indicates that other protective factors, including interactions with receptors and channels, are involved. 2. Neuroprotective Impact During Ischemia: Research has primarily involved animal experiments … Read more

Cerebral ischemia is a critical medical condition characterized by insufficient blood flow to the brain, which can have devastating consequences. Protecting and salvaging cerebral neuronal function in the face of ischemic insults is a top priority in clinical practice. Intravenous anesthetics, traditionally known for their role in inducing general anesthesia, have garnered attention due to … Read more

Intranasal Midazolam is a pharmaceutical formulation of the benzodiazepine medication Midazolam, designed for administration through the nasal route. It is primarily used in medical and clinical settings for its sedative and anxiolytic properties, particularly for situations where rapid and non-invasive sedation or seizure control is required. Here’s a comprehensive overview of intranasal Midazolam:1. Indications: Seizure … Read more

Introduction:Midazolam is a benzodiazepine that plays a pivotal role in anesthesia practice due to its potent sedative, anxiolytic, and amnestic properties. Understanding its mechanisms, clinical applications, and variations is vital for optimizing patient care and safety.Mechanism:Midazolam’s mechanism revolves around enhancing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activity within the central nervous system. While it doesn’t directly activate GABA … Read more