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Unlocking Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy (CCM): In the hidden realm of health, Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy (CCM) silently impacts up to 50% of cirrhosis cases. This cardiac enigma, revealed in 1953, orchestrates impaired cardiac responses, a hyperdynamic circulatory dance, and electrophysiologic abnormalities, notably QT prolongation. Stress-induced manifestations veil its presence, while risk factors like alcohol use disorder and hemochromatosis … Read more
Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are increasingly prevalent in cirrhotic patients, particularly among those hospitalized or awaiting liver transplantation. This article explores the rising incidence, challenges in assessment, and the interdependence between AKI and CKD in cirrhotic individuals. Challenges in Kidney Function Assessment: Table 1: Laboratory Assessment for AKI in … Read more
Introduction: Toxic inhalational injuries, resulting from exposure to lung-damaging agents, pose a significant threat in various settings. This comprehensive guide covers the clinical-pathological effects, investigations, and medical management of such injuries, emphasizing the importance of understanding mechanisms for optimizing patient outcomes. Choking Agents (Pulmonary Agents): Choking agents, or pulmonary agents, are chemical weapons designed to … Read more
Why An Anesthesiologist Should be Informed about Nerve Agents As an anesthesiologist, staying informed about nerve agents is crucial due to the potential encounters with patients exposed to these toxic substances. Historical incidents, such as the Tokyo subway sarin attack and the use of nerve agents in armed conflicts, highlight the importance of preparedness in … Read more
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (ACS), marked by heightened pressure in the abdominal cavity, poses a severe risk to critically ill patients, often leading to multisystem organ failure. Established in 2004, the World Society of Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (WSACS) standardized ACS definitions and guidelines due to underdiagnosis. Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is a critical metric, and ACS is … Read more
In GI endoscopy, the rising use of propofol sedation intensifies the challenge of hypoxemia. To ensure patient safety, diverse airway equipment is imperative, surpassing traditional methods like standard nasal cannulas. Preventing life-threatening hypoxemia during GI endoscopy is paramount. Recognizing the limitations of conventional approaches highlights the critical role of specialized airway equipment, particularly continuous positive … Read more
Introduction The velopharyngeal mechanism plays a crucial role in maintaining airway patency and regulating the separation between the oral and nasal cavities. This intricate system involves a network of muscles and structures that work in concert to create a seal, preventing unwanted communication between the two cavities. This article explores the anatomy of the velopharynx, … Read more
Introduction Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) has revolutionized the treatment of achalasia cardia, offering an effective and minimally invasive option for patients suffering from this challenging motility disorder. This innovative procedure, which combines the principles of endoscopy and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), has gained prominence in the medical field since its inception in 2010. … Read more
Introduction Endobariatric procedures have emerged as a groundbreaking approach to address obesity through minimally invasive techniques. These procedures can serve as primary weight loss options or as revisions for patients with a history of bariatric surgery. The safe and comfortable execution of these procedures necessitates meticulous anesthetic management. This article will delve into the history … Read more
Introduction Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common congenital heart anomaly that remains asymptomatic in most cases. However, in the perioperative period, PFO can become clinically significant, potentially leading to hypoxemia and paradoxical embolism. This article explores the management of PFO in various surgical contexts, highlighting its significance and potential complications. PFO and Its Pathophysiology … Read more
